Step Motor Driver For Full Step, Half Step Excitation Mode Lab Report

Step Motor Driver For Full Step, Half Step Excitation Mode - Lab Report Example For a bipolar motor, an external device referred to as an H-Bridge can be used to reverse the polarity of the winding and thus the flux. An H-Bridge can also drive a unipolar motor by not connecting the center tap (common) lead or use only one of the windings in the pair. Using the given state machine states and truth tables, the driver circuits for all the three modes of stepper motor excitation were designed and simulated. The following are the diagrams showing the truth table and state machine states with actual motor motion in this design, the no load or constant load accuracy of a 7.5 degree/step motor is within 0.5% noncumulative. It simply implies that the positioning error is the same whether the rotational movement is one step or 1000 steps. Since the step error is noncumulative, it averages itself out to zero within a 4-step sequence, which corresponds to 360 electrical degrees. This causes the transistor collector/emitter junction to conduct. When transistors Q1 and Q3 on, the current flows through the motor coil in the forward or + direction. However, when Q2 and Q4 on, the current to flows through the motor coil in the reverse direction. In the experiment, only half step truth table was presented. However, if you compare the half step and full step tables, it's noticed that all of the full step sequences appear in the half step table, even though not in the same order. This information was useful in the circuit design, especially when writing the codes for the microcontroller.

Learning Styles and Theories Essay Example for Free

Learning Styles and Theories Essay There are multiple learning styles and theories that apply to individuals in multiple ways. The VARK learning style that my analysis revealed is read/write according to the questionnaire by Fleming (2001-2014). This categorization of my learning style compliments me well and I definitely agree that actually seeing the information spelled out in front of me allows me to better understand the information. The two learning theories that relate to my VARK learning style are behaviorism and constructivism. Behaviorism focusing on a clear goal with an automatic response and constructivism affording me the ability to problem solve. Being an andragogical learner I’m able to apply what I’ve learned during my pedagogical phase to my educational experiences. Let’s take a closer look at what behaviorism entails. Behaviorism focuses on the observable changes in behavior. Moreover, it’s the act of doing something new several times until it’s second nature. A prime example is while completing schoolwork the instructor provides continuous positive reinforcement; depending upon the grade the student will constantly modify their behavior until they receive positive reinforcement. According to Watson (n.d.) behaviorism’s goal is to explain relationships between precedent conditions (stimuli), behavior (responses), and consequences (reward, punishment, or neutral effect). Without the positive reinforcement the learned responses that the student exhibits will diminish. My VARK learning style relates to behaviorism by me receiving positive reinforcement through written praise; additionally, with good grades I will continue performing at the same level. Once I’ve developed an understanding of how a task needs to be accomplished I will tailor my actions towards that behavior to continue to receive that positive reinforcement and it becomes second nature. Along with observable changes in behavior, one-step further looks into constructivism and it’s aim on brain-based learning. Constructivism relies on what the learner already knows and the understanding of the subject at hand. Moreover, building new ideas or concepts are based upon current knowledge and past experiences and amplifies when actively engaged. According to Brunner (n.d.) the three stages of  intellectual development are enactive, iconic, and symbolic. Enactive is learning through actions on physical objects and the outcomes, iconic learning is through models and pictures, and lastly symbolic learning is the ability to think in abstract terms (Brunner, n.d.). Constructivism relates to my VARK learning style in the aspect that learning is ongoing and by reading and writing I’m constantly improving my skills and perception. There can be multiple interpretations of an excerpt of literature, therefore by having someone facilitate the learning process with the knowledge of my baseline understanding of the topic at hand that person can build upon it. Thus, my VARK learning style suggests I write out words repeatedly or read them to myself, which goes along with reviewing information multiple times, and learning takes time according to the principles of constructivism. As an adult learner my identified VARK learning style affects my educational pursuit positively. Falling into andragogical learning realm I have more experiences and therefore I can apply those experiences while learning. Adult learners take on the responsibility to be self-directed, and have a wealth of experience that enables them to transform information into meaningful cognitive and reality-based applications (Minter, 2011, p. 9). In retrospect the pedagogical concept requires the instructor to be more directive, placing students in a more passive role, and that students don’t have the motivation or maturity to be self-directed learners (Minter, 2011, p. 9). Applying active learning concepts such as reading and writing allows me to actively be categorized under the andragogical concept. Moreover, by writing and speaking the words to myself and reflecting to solve problems I’m practicing the concept of self-directed and problem-centered aspects of andragogical learni ng. Therefore, I will be able to apply my VARK learning style to complete my educational endeavors and continue on my path of success. The three learning theories of Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism can be applied to any of the four learning styles (visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic). I feel that we cannot generalize that a student will be classified solely under one learning style, they will adapt and apply what is more appropriate given the information or circumstances.  The learning theory used depends upon the learning situation. Being identified as an andragogical learner I’m able to apply life experiences, need to know, relevance of the subject matter and how it applies to me, and use my motivation to further my educational goals with the guidance of instructors that are more like facilitators. Malcolm Knowles paved the path for educators and students alike that entail specific learning principles to enable learners to thrive educationally and without his significant contribution who knows where we would be today. References Bruner, J. (n.d.). Constructivism Discovery Learning. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles- inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/bruner.html Fleming, N. D. (2001-2014). Retrieved from http://www.vark-learn.com/english/index.asp Minter, R. (2011). The Learning Theory Jungle. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 8(6), 9. Watson, J. B. (n.d.). Behaviorism. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/Watson.html

Assess Your Own Progress As A Student English Language Essay

Assess Your Own Progress As A Student English Language Essay The purpose of this assignment is to encourage you to take a step back from your studies and to assess your own progress as a student. It is directly related to the learning outcome that concerns taking responsibility for your own learning while responding reflectively to tutor feedback. As with Assignment 02, this assignment aims to develop your awareness of the way in which you study and write. It aims to help you to think through your work on the course as a whole, at the moment at which you start to think about what to study next. You should begin by looking back over your previous assignments and your tutors comments on these assignments. (If you do not receive Assignment 06 back in time to take account of it in writing this assignment, there is no need to be concerned: just focus on Assignments 01 to 05.) You should then write a critical review of up to 750 words, examining the way in which you study and write your assignments. For example, you might consider how your skills in reading and taking notes or in planning and writing your essays have developed through the course. How you structure your review is up to you, but in the course of it, you should do the following five things: Identify one or more ways in which you have made progress as a student since starting The Arts Past and Present. (For example, you might describe a skill that you have developed, or a difficulty in studying that you have resolved.) Identify one or more ways in which your approach to study or your study skills could be improved. For at least one of these, identify some different sources of help. Identify one or more strengths that you have as a student. Consider which subject(s) you have most enjoyed studying, and which subject(s) you have got the best marks for. Has the experience of studying the course modified what you thought you would be interested in before you started the course? Do you now have a clearer sense of what youd like to study next? You should support what you say with specific examples taken from your experiences of working through the course materials and writing assignments. You may wish to refer to one or more of your tutors comments on your assignments. Answer: I think my assessor has been fair and just all through my course and her help has been invaluable in my progression. Her guidance and advice as well as support shaped my studies and gave me a solid foundation to work from. She has helped me to achieve so much through the last year without her I would not have come this far and achieved the levels I have. When I look back to my tmas I can see through the assessors comments that I had made some careless mistakes. E.g. forgetting to use capital letters and forgetting set dictionary on UK English, these I have tried to fix and have worked hard to improve on this. My referencing was nonexistent when I started this course and I needed so much work for me to improve, but thanks to my assessors comments I gained a better understanding what references I can and cannot use e.g. discussion groups and have changed the referencing in my essays to more suitable references. In addition, I needed to work on my paragraphs as I had a tendency to use too short a paragraphs. This can be seen in the extract I have selected below from my assessors comments. You`ve made many of these point in your essay, but because you haven`t drawn them together in proper paragraphs, the thrust of your argument is rather dissipated.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would advise that for future assignments you write the essay, and then look at short paragraphs (if you have any) and see whether they need to stand alone or whether they can tidily be combined with another short paragraph to create a new, longer one.  Ã‚  But don`t go to the opposite extreme and have paragraphs which go on for pages, which is my particular fault and one which my tutors used to complain about!  Ã‚  You also need to watch the format for references and Bibliography, as I`ve indicated on your script. This is a promising beginning to the course.  Ã‚  You have clearly understood what the questions required you to do, and have made some good points.  Ã‚  You just need to arrange your material so as to make the best use of it Myra Cross assessor comments PT3e Tma 01 As you can gather from the assessors comments my work, the paragraphs were so short. However, through learning essay planning I soon learnt how to structure each paragraph to include the correct information needed and they started to form proper paragraphs and became less like bullet points. In addition, one of my other greatest strengths was the fact I could find the information I needed but my greatest flaw was I could not justify the key points. Therefore, I had to spend a lot of time trying to learn how to justify my key points better and I have to some extent rectified this as can be seen by my rising grades. I have made use of information that is included in the assessors comments on each tma to analyse what I have been doing wrong and used this information to help plan and improve on each subsequent tma. As to my essay plans they still needs work so I decided on doing a 10 point after this course in writing fiction this should give me more practice before next 60 point course and hopefully by the time I do the next 60 point course I should have rectified this problem. After reviewing tma06 I Have found a major area I need to concentrate on In the past essays I have cut material to get down to the word limit. I have found this is causing my essays not to read or flow correctly this may work for smaller essays but for larger it effects my grades. I am trying in the future to put rules in place that if I exceeded my word limits by large amount instead of cut and past exercise I rework my plan and rewrite essay to the new plan hoping this resolves this flaw. I have enjoyed this course so much when I started the course it was because I wanted to learn structure and improve my writing skills and AA100 was compulsory course for degree I wanted. Now I am nearly finished I look back and realise I have awakened a love in both arts and history I hope I can use these new loves in my books. In addition, I want to move into the study of the history the goal for my masters is to combine my love of books with my love of history and to research or study history of writing throughout the ages.

Humorous Wedding Speech by the Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech by the Groom It is apparent from the opening few lines of this speech that the groom has an excellent relationship with the bride's parents and this can be really useful, not just in the future, for obvious reasons, but it can also make the speech more humorous. This speech is also a good example of using events in history that happened on the same date as a source of humor. Thank you for those lovely words. I'd like to remind you that you're not so much losing a daughter, but regaining three closets (wardrobes). I will not forget the first time my wife took me home to meet her parents. To break the ice, I asked her dad which team he supported. "West Ham" (Cubs) he replied. Which was obvious as he lives in London (Chicago). So I said "I bet it's exciting when you win a match (tournament)." "I don't know," he replied. "I've only been supporting them For six seasons (ten seasons)." By the way I haven't forgotten, I'll sign that receipt for you. He has written out a receipt for me. It reads: Received: one daughter in perfect condition, fully guaranteed. Care Notes: gets bored easily keep busy with a constant supply of chores. Not to be outdone, my mom also has a receipt for my wife to sign. It reads: Received: one son, sold as seen, no refunds under any circumstances. I've re-decorated the room and changed the locks so you're stuck with him. Care Notes: de-hydrates easily, top up regularly with beer. While writing this speech, I thought it would be a good idea to research some events in history which happened on this day. I found out that on this day in 1889 Sherlock Holmes appeared in the Adventure of The Engineer’s Thumb and in 1948 synthetic rubber was first used in asphaltic concrete. I'm sure both of these events will be a real inspiration to us over the years. Now, there are some thankyous that I’d like to convey on behalf of my wife and I. We both want to thank the bride’s parents for the support they've given us. From day one, you have been fully behind us, and have always demonstrated how a marriage should be - and that's successful. I’ll do my best to live up to your expectations and promise to take good care of your daughter.

Assignment Web or Mobile System Paper Essay

Mobile applications have become essential to every business seeking to remain relevant in the face of a world filled with people who are constantly on the move. The evolution of technology and the dynamic nature of telecommunication industry has made communication become a significant part of everyone’s life. IPhone is the most versatile communication gadgets that have been created lately. Smartphone’s have become popular these days, and they offer fun filled entertainment. iPhones have become successful and a marvel device which changed the mobile technology with multi-touch interface with powerful features a full-featured web browser, large screen, web browser, email, voice messaging, video calling, thrilling games, beautiful look, and instant messaging. The new wave of the future in the world of technology and businesses are reaping benefits out of their iPhone applications. IPhone apps are design to enhance the experience of the users, engage the customers and build the mobile brand. There are eight generations of iPhone models and can connect too many cellular networks and has WIFI. You can play music, browse the web, shoot video, send and receive email, take photos, record notes, send texts, do mathematical calculations, GPS navigation, and receive visual voicemail. Audio conferencing, caller id, call merging, and call holding is allowed by iPhone. The media library can be sorted by artist, videos, genres, podcast, songs, albums, composers, and audiobooks. The large front on iPhone gives users room to touch their selection and to purchase and downloads songs from the iTunes store that goes directly to their iPhone. With the virtual keyboard on the touch screen and the option to predict what word is needed to be written or correction for any accidental pressing of the keys. There are corrections and spell checking, dynamic dictionary, predictive word capabilities. That learns new words. There are features to support HTML email and gives users the option  to embed photos in your email message. Mail messages can viewed on the phone in words, PowerPoint, pdf, and excel attachments. Some future changes will be the cheap onetime cost foe apps will be replaced by a subscription fee, or a recurring revenue based on usage. The customer expectation, business models and transformations have evolved with the application sophistication and customer experience grows. One of the most fun and innovative things to do is travel and now iPhone offer information about your current location with the touch of a button. The software is developed to know your travel preferences and tastes that is custom tailored to you There are apps in development to prevent texting while driving and apps that can prevent any cell phone use while the vehicle is in motion. Texting while driving has become too dangerous and too many people are having and causing accidents. There have been many deaths and serious injuries cause by texting while driving and many feel the best way to eliminate it is to an app on phones that will not allow cell phone usage while vehicles are in motion. One of the most innovative businesses and one of the most fun things we do in life is travel. With the touch of a button, information about your tastes and preferences are up to date for you. Having that sudden information will benefit you no matter where you’re traveling. IPhones have become important to its users and some could not function on a day-to-day basis without it and some would even feel lost without it. IPhones have given its customers instant access to everything from bills to banks to email to insurance policies and credit cards. The technology of iPhones have advance the way everyone from businesses to the common man or woman. The world of mobile phone technology started changing when iPhone managed to merge the power of smartphones with an attractive design, easy-to-understand and universal style that most people want from a phone. As technology advances and improves, iPhones will only improve and become more helpful. As they become more helpful, people will come to depend on them more. IPhones have been a great benefit, the distraction of all the features have become dangerous and put many at risk.

How to Write an Essay on Application of Teaching Standards

How to Write an Essay on Application of Teaching Standards Essay about Application of Teaching Standards How to start How to write the introduction How to compose body paragraphs How to finish the essay: Conclusion writing Essay revision Outline sample A reflective essay about application of teaching standards (Sample) Writing an essay about the application of teaching standards is certainly purposeful. The number one aim of such an essay is that it calls the readers’ attention for a closer look at the serious issue of the application of teaching standards which is a topic that is open to various opinions and stands. An essay on this theme scrutinizes the applicability of the very standards and questions their suitability for the current advancements and circumstances. It could also be considered as an attempt to question their effectiveness. How to start First of all, you should think about the meaning of teaching standards and look for some authentic definitions that could make you understand what such standards could be. After you have taken notes of certain teaching standards, try to look at them with a critical eye so that you detect if any of them does not seem to be that effective. Think about a possible structure on which your essay will be based; for instance, compare and contrast, argumentative, or explanatory scheme. How to write the introduction A general introduction about the application of teaching standards could start with the general theme of school and teaching. Proceed progressively while you narrow down your focus until you reach the crux of the matter which is the application of teaching standards in this case. You could define the key term briefly in the same part, as lay readers could enquire about its meaning. The last element of the introduction consists of the thesis statement where you clearly state the essential features that your essay paragraphs are going to revolve around. How to compose body paragraphs A topic sentence is necessary for the opening of the paragraphs that will explain your main points. It is important to make sure that the body elements reflect the same scheme announced in the thesis statement, otherwise you would fall in incongruity. Consistency of thoughts should be carefully maintained when you go around illustrating and linking information. Thus, abrupt change of ideas is not something you might want to consider doing. Unless you are emphasizing one particular message by means of highlighting, you are not going to benefit from the repeated ideas; then, try to avoid redundancy and needless repetitions. While you are tackling your personal reflection on the application of teaching standards, it is advisable that you stick to your own point of view, which is either for or against the application of such standards, otherwise you would distract the reader. Hook your readers through the incorporation of appeals that could make them embrace your opinion and adhere to it. How to finish the essay: Conclusion writing Have a second look at the content of your body paragraphs so that you are fully aware of what you have included in your essay. Briefly summarize the principle arguments in a way that does not seem too much explanatory. Link the very summary of your personal behavior and experience, as you show how the application of those teaching standards have proven to be successful or ineffective according to your own educational experience. Essay revision It is recommended that you read each and every word when you revise your essay. Remove the unnecessary lines that make no sense or that could only complicate the picture. One important step is to look for the most repeated terms and replace them with suitable synonyms. The second look at your cohesive devices is a plus point. Outline sample I. Introduction General introduction: school and teaching Thesis statement: three main arguments II. Body Paragraph 1: benefits of the application of teaching standards Paragraph 2: disadvantages of the application of teaching standards Paragraph 3: suggested solutions to optimize teaching standards. III. Conclusion Brief summary of the three body arguments. Call to action through the proposition of fresh solutions to improve teaching standards and learning. A reflective essay about application of teaching standards (Sample) Almost in every country all over the globe, there some teaching standards followed in the academic field. In fact, such standards could vary depending on many factors, mainly cultural ones. But, the concept is the same; it is the idea of respecting certain teaching norms and applying them by hook or by crook to reach a the desired learning goal. In this essay, you could find a reflective account of the benefits of teaching standards, their disadvantages, and suggestions on how to optimize them. From a positive angle, one could attest that the application of teaching standards is beneficial in a variety of ways. Indeed, beginner teachers seem to always resort to them on the account that they offer an accessible database-like wealth of tips, methods, and techniques that just need to be followed. Apart from that, teaching standards are destined to the production of particular learning effects. Thus, teaching standards are not disconnected from learning standards, eventually. Through the application of teaching standards, a teacher rests assured that their students are being taught conformably with their grade level so that they become able to make it when it comes to standardized assessments. However varied teaching standards are, they have many aspects in common. Their shared attributes manifest themselves in terms of content, structure, design, and learning purpose. What makes them effective enough is that they draw on the categorization by subject areas. It is almost the case in all schools to find subjects like Maths, English Language, History, etc. The positive aspects of teaching standards could not succeed in concealing their disadvantageous aspects that never cease to erode the authenticity of learning. Such standard teaching norms may not be as effective as they are thought to be. I am a firm believer that a course design should be flexible enough to comprise the various needs of diverse learners. To apply teaching standards that stretch the students’ abilities and push them to work harder may turn out to be counter-productive, especially in the case of low-functioning students who have learning disabilities and disorders. As a matter of fact, the pursuit of excellence is not available to all types of students, if teachers stick solely to the application of teaching standards. Information processing does not go at the same pace for all students. I remember when I was at school, the teacher used to ask us â€Å"is everything clear?†, not all the students said â€Å"yes†. Though not all, some of those silent students have not grasped the essence of the ideas explained, and for some reason hesitated to say that they did not understand. Those little details make it necessary to stop by, forget about teaching standards, and look at the learning needs, in particular. Teaching standards should be reconsidered. Many of them have been in use for ages. Some of the teaching standards are transferred from one generation to another and from one school to another in an arbitrary manner, just as heritage is transferred. Yet, the modern developments, mainly at the technological scale have brought innovative and creative approaches to learning. It is for this reason that teaching standards have to be refined according to the actual circumstances. Some would argue that the programming language has to be learned as a second language just like a natural language is learned. This idea triggers the flame of change towards more innovative and fine-tuned perspective towards the application of teaching standards. They could be developed through a recategorization of subject areas to keep the balance between what is theoretical and what is applied. Educational consistency and equity should be taken into consideration as well to improve those standards. To put it in a nutshell, the application of teaching standards remains an inevitable operation that schools and colleges rely on. A scrutinizing eye could not overlook the advantages and disadvantages of such measures. Yet, one could continue to propose practical solutions for the improvement of teaching standards in one way or another.